Part 54
JUDICIAL REVIEW AND STATUTORY REVIEW
See also Practice Direction 54, Practice Direction 54B, Practice Direction 54C
| This
Part is referred to in the following SIs: Civil Procedure (Amendment No 4) Rules 2000 (22), (30), (30), (Notes), Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 4) Rules 2005 (12), (Notes), Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2007 (7), Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2001 (17), Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2005 (7), (9), (Notes), (Notes), (Notes), (Notes), (Notes), (Notes), (Notes), Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2006 (8), Civil Procedure Amendment Rules 2003 (4), (5), (Notes), (Notes), (Notes), (Notes). |
I JUDICIAL REVIEW
| SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION
|
|
54.1 |
| (1)
| This Section of this Part contains rules about judicial review. |
| (2)
|
| (a)
|
| (ii)
| a decision, action or failure to act in relation to the exercise of a public function. |
|
| (f)
| 'interested party' means any person (other than the claimant and defendant) who is directly affected by the claim; and |
| (g)
| 'court' means the High Court, unless otherwise stated. |
|
| |
|
Paras (b), (c) and (d) of Rule 54.1
(which contained definitions of mandamus, prohibition and certiorari)
deleted w/e 1st May 2004, Rule 54.1(1) and (2) amended to refer to Section II w/e from 1 April 2003. |

WHEN THIS SECTION MUST BE USED
|
|
54.2 |
| (d)
| an injunction under section 30 of the Supreme Court Act 1981( 1) (restraining a person from acting in any office in which he is not entitled to act). |
|
|
| Rule 54.2 amended to refer to Section II w/e from 1 April 2003. |

WHEN THIS SECTION MAY BE USED
|
|
54.3 |
| (1)
| |
(Where the claimant is seeking a declaration or injunction in addition to one of the remedies listed in rule 54.2, the judicial review procedure must be used) |
| (2)
| A claim for judicial review may include a claim for damages, restitution or the recovery of a sum due but may not seek such a remedy alone. |
| |
|
Rule 54.3 amended to refer to Section II w/e from 1 April 2003, Words "such a remedy"
substituted for "damages" in Rule 54.3(2), new cross-ref inserted w/e 1st May 2004. |
| Rule 54.4 amended to refer to Section II w/e from 1 April 2003. |

TIME LIMIT FOR FILING CLAIM FORM
|
|
54.5 |
| (1)
|
| (b)
| in any event not later than 3 months after the grounds to make the claim first arose. |
|
| (2)
| The time limit in this rule may not be extended by agreement between the parties. |
|

CLAIM FORM
|
|
54.6 |
| (1)
| In addition to the matters set out in rule 8.2 (contents of the claim form) the claimant must also state ---
| (c)
| any remedy (including any interim remedy) he is claiming. |
|
( Part 25 sets out how to apply for an interim remedy) |
| (2)
| The claim form must be accompanied by the documents required by the relevant practice direction. |
|

SERVICE OF CLAIM FORM
|
|
54.7 |
| (b)
| unless the court otherwise directs, any person the claimant considers to be an interested party, |
within 7 days after the date of issue. |
|

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF SERVICE
|
|
54.8 |
| (1)
| Any person served with the claim form who wishes to take part in the judicial review must file an acknowledgment of service in the relevant practice form in accordance with the following provisions of this rule. |
| (2)
| Any acknowledgment of service must be ---
| (a)
| filed not more than 21 days after service of the claim form; and |
| (b)
| served on ---
as soon as practicable and, in any event, not later than 7 days after it is filed. |
|
| (3)
| The time limits under this rule may not be extended by agreement between the parties. |
| (4)
| The acknowledgment of service ---
| (a)
| must ---
| (i)
| where the person filing it intends to contest the claim, set out a summary of his grounds for doing so; and |
|
| (b)
| may include or be accompanied by an application for directions. |
|
|

FAILURE TO FILE ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF SERVICE
|
|
54.9 |
| (1)
| Where a person served with the claim form has failed to file an acknowledgment of service in accordance with rule 54.8, he ---
| (a)
| may not take part in a hearing to decide whether permission should be given unless the court allows him to do so; but |
| (b)
| provided he complies with rule 54.14 or any other direction of the court regarding the filing and service of ---
| (i)
| detailed grounds for contesting the claim or supporting it on additional grounds; and |
| (ii)
| any written evidence, |
may take part in the hearing of the judicial review. |
|
| (2)
| Where that person takes part in the hearing of the judicial review, the court may take his failure to file an acknowledgment of service into account when deciding what order to make about costs. |
|

PERMISSION GIVEN
|
|
54.10 |
| (1)
| Where permission to proceed is given the court may also give directions. |
| (2)
| Directions under paragraph (1) may include a stay
(GL)
of proceedings to which the claim relates. ( Rule 3.7 provides a sanction for the non-payment of the fee payable when permission to proceed has been given) |
|

SERVICE OF ORDER GIVING OR REFUSING PERMISSION
|
|
54.11 |
| The court will serve ---
| (a)
| the order giving or refusing permission; and |
on ---
| |
| (iii)
| any other person who filed an acknowledgment of service. |
|
|
|

PERMISSION DECISION WITHOUT A HEARING
|
|
54.12 |
| (1)
| This rule applies where the court, without a hearing ---
| (a)
| refuses permission to proceed; or |
| (b)
| gives permission to proceed ---
| (i)
| subject to conditions; or |
| (ii)
| on certain grounds only. |
|
|
| (2)
| The court will serve its reasons for making the decision when it serves the order giving or refusing permission in accordance with rule 54.11. |
| (3)
| The claimant may not appeal but may request the decision to be reconsidered at a hearing. |
| (4)
| A request under paragraph (3) must be filed within 7 days after service of the reasons under paragraph (2). |
| (5)
| The claimant, defendant and any other person who has filed an acknowledgment of service will be given at least 2 days' notice of the hearing date. |
|

RESPONSE
|
|
54.14 |
| (1)
| A defendant and any other person served with the claim form who wishes to contest the claim or support it on additional grounds must file and serve ---
| (a)
| detailed grounds for contesting the claim or supporting it on additional grounds; and |
| (b)
| any written evidence, |
within 35 days after service of the order giving permission. |
| (2)
| The following rules do not apply ---
| (a)
| rule 8.5 (3) and 8.5 (4)(defendant to file and serve written evidence at the same time as acknowledgment of service); and |
|
|

WHERE CLAIMANT SEEKS TO RELY ON ADDITIONAL GROUNDS
|
|
54.15 |
| The court's permission is required if a claimant seeks to rely on grounds other than those for which he has been given permission to proceed. |
|

EVIDENCE
|
|
54.16 |
| (2)
| No written evidence may be relied on unless ---
| (a)
| it has been served in accordance with any ---
| (ii)
| direction of the court; or |
|
| (b)
| the court gives permission. |
|
|
Rule 54.16 amended to refer to Section II w/e from 1 April 2003, Rule 54.16 amended w/e from 2 December 2002. |

COURT'S POWERS TO HEAR ANY PERSON
|
|
54.17 |
| (1)
| Any person may apply for permission ---
| (b)
| make representations at the hearing of the judicial review. |
|
| (2)
| An application under paragraph (1) should be made promptly. |
|

JUDICIAL REVIEW MAY BE DECIDED WITHOUT A HEARING
|
|
54.18 | |

COURT'S POWERS IN RESPECT OF QUASHING ORDERS
|
|
54.19 |
| (1)
| This rule applies where the court makes a quashing order in respect of the decision to which the claim relates. |
| (2) |
The court may
--
| (a)
|
| (i)
|
remit the matter to the decision-maker; and
|
| (ii)
|
direct it to reconsider the matter and reach a decision in accordance with the judgment of the court; or
|
|
| (b)
|
in so far as any enactment permits, substitute its own decision for the decision to which the claim relates.
|
|
( Section 31 of the Supreme Court Act 1981Acts
( 2)
enables the High Court, subject to certain conditions, to substitute its own decision for the decision in question.)
|
|
Rule 54.19(3) and the
parenthesis following it deleted w/e from 6 April 2008, Text substituted
in Rule 54.19(2)
w/e from 6 April 2008. |

TRANSFER
|
|
54.20 |
| The court may
| (a)
| order a claim to continue as if it had not been started under this Section; and |
| (b)
| where it does so, give directions about the future management of the claim. |
|
( Part 30 (transfer) applies to transfers to and from the Administrative Court) |
|
Heading following Rule 54.20 and
Rules 54.21-54.27 deleted
w/e from 6 April 2008, Rule 54.20 amended to refer to Section II w/e from 1 April 2003. |
III APPLICATIONS FOR STATUTORY REVIEW UNDER SECTION 103A OF THE NATIONALITY, IMMIGRATION AND ASYLUM ACT 2002
| SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION
|
|
54.28 |
| (1)
|
This Section of this Part contains rules about applications to the High Court under section 103A of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002( 3) for an order requiring the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal to reconsider its decision on an appeal. |
| (2)
|
| (ea)
|
'fast track case' means any case in relation to which an order made under section 26(8) of the 2004 Act provides that the time period for making an application under section 103A(1) of the 2002 Act or giving notification under paragraph 30(5) of Schedule 2 to the 2004 Act is less than 5 days; |
|
| (3)
|
| (a)
|
section 103A(3) for making an application for an order under section 103A(1); or |
| (b)
|
paragraph 30(5)(b) of Schedule 2 to the 2004 Act for giving notice under that paragraph, |
|
includes a reference to that period as varied by any order under section 26(8) of the 2004 Act.
|
| (4)
|
Rule 2.8 applies to the calculation of the periods of time specified in --- |
| (5)
|
Save as provided otherwise, the provisions of this Section apply to an application under section 103A regardless of whether the filter provision has effect in relation to that application. |
|
New Section III added
w/e from 4 April 2005, Para (ea) added after 54.28(2)(a) added
w/e from 6 April 2006. |

REPRESENTATION OF APPLICANTS WHILE FILTER PROVISION HAS EFFECT
|
|
54.28A |
| (2)
|
An applicant may, for the purpose of taking any step under rule 54.29 or 54.30, be represented by any person permitted to provide him with immigration advice or immigration services under section 84 of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999( 5). |
| (3)
|
A representative acting for an applicant under paragraph (2) shall be regarded as the applicant's legal representative for the purpose of rule 22.1 (Documents to be verified by a statement of truth) regardless of whether he would otherwise be so regarded. |
|
| Rule 54.28A added (see SI ref in 54.28)
w/e from 6 April 2006. |

SERVICE OF DOCUMENTS ON APPELLANTS WITHIN THE JURISDICTION
|
|
54.28B |
| (2)
|
| (a)
|
serving it on his representative; or |
| (b)
|
serving it on the appellant personally or sending it to his address by first class post (or an alternative service which provides for delivery on the next working day), |
but if the document is served on the appellant under sub-paragraph (b), a copy must also at the same time be sent to his representative. |
|
Rule 54.28B added (see SI ref in 54.28)
w/e from 6 April 2006, Rule 54.28B(2) - new text
inserted after (b) w/e from 2 October 2006. |

APPLICATION FOR REVIEW
|
|
54.29 |
| (1)
|
Subject to paragraph (5), an application for an order for reconsideration must be made by filing an application notice ---
| (a)
|
during a period in which the filter provision has effect, with the Tribunal at the address specified in the relevant practice direction; and |
| (b)
|
at any other time, at the Administrative Court Office. |
|
| (2)
|
| (a)
|
the notice of the immigration, asylum or nationality decision to which the appeal related; |
| (b)
|
any other document which was served on the appellant giving reasons for that decision; |
| (e)
|
any other documents material to the application which were before the Tribunal. |
|
| (2A)
|
During any period in which the filter provision has effect, the applicant must file with the application notice a list of the documents referred to in paragraph (2)(a) to (e). |
| (3)
|
| (a)
|
the grounds upon which it is contended that the Tribunal made an error of law which may have affected its decision; and |
| (b)
|
reasons in support of those grounds. |
|
| (4)
|
|
the application notice must contain a statement of the date on which, and the means by which, the determination was served.
|
| (5)
|
Where the applicant is in detention under the Immigration Acts, the application may be made either ---
| (a)
|
in accordance with paragraphs (1) to (3); or |
| (b)
|
by serving the documents specified in paragraphs (1) to (3) on the person having custody of him. |
|
| (6)
|
Where an application is made in accordance with paragraph (5)(b), the person on whom the application notice is served must ---
| (a)
|
endorse on the notice the date that it is served on him; |
| (b)
|
give the applicant an acknowledgment in writing of receipt of the notice; and |
| (c)
|
forward the notice and documents within 2 days
| (ii)
|
at any other time, to the Administrative Court Office. |
|
|
|
Amendments made to Rule 54.29(1)
w/e from 6 April 2006, Amendments made to Rule 54.29(2)
w/e from 6 April 2006, Rule 54.29(2A) inserted
w/e from 6 April 2006. |

APPLICATION TO EXTEND TIME LIMIT
|
|
54.30 |
An application to extend the time limit for making an application under section 103A(1) must ---
| (a)
|
be made in the application notice; |
| (b)
|
set out the grounds on which it is contended that the application notice could not reasonably practicably have been filed within the time limit; and |
| (c)
|
be supported by written evidence verified by a statement of truth. |
|
|

PROCEDURE WHILE FILTER PROVISION HAS EFFECT
|
|
54.31 |
| (2)
|
| (b)
|
does not propose to grant permission for the application to be made outside the relevant time limit, |
|
and the applicant wishes the court to consider the application, the applicant must file a notice in writing at the Administrative Court Office in accordance with paragraph 30(5)(b) of Schedule 2 to the 2004 Act.
|
| (2A)
|
| (a)
|
a copy of the Tribunal's notification that it does not propose to make an order for reconsideration or does not propose to grant permission for the application to be made outside the relevant time limit (referred to in CPR rule 54.31(2)); |
| (b)
|
any other document which was served on the applicant by the Tribunal giving reasons for its decision in paragraph (a); |
| (c)
|
written evidence in support of any application by the applicant seeking permission to make the application outside the relevant time limit, if applicable; |
|
| (3)
|
|
the notice filed in accordance with paragraph 30(5)(b) of Schedule 2 to the 2004 Act must contain a statement of the date on which, and the means by which, the notice from the Tribunal was served.
|
| (4)
|
A notice which is filed outside the period specified in paragraph 30(5)(b) must ---
| (a)
|
set out the grounds on which it is contended that the notice could not reasonably practicably have been filed within that period; and |
| (b)
|
be supported by written evidence verified by a statement of truth. |
|
| (5)
|
If the applicant wishes to respond to the reasons given by the Tribunal for its decision that it ---
| (b)
|
does not propose to grant permission for the application to be made outside the relevant time limit, |
|
the notice filed in accordance with paragraph 30(5)(b) of Schedule 2 to the 2004 Act must be accompanied by written submissions setting out the grounds upon which the applicant disputes any of the reasons given by the Tribunal and giving reasons in support of those grounds.
|
|
| Rule 54.31(2A) inserted
w/e from 2 October 2006. |

PROCEDURE IN FAST TRACK CASES WHILE FILTER PROVISION DOES NOT HAVE EFFECT
|
|
54.32 |
| (2)
|
| (b)
|
the other party to the appeal may file submissions in response to the application not later than 2 days after being served with the application. |
|
|
| Rule 54.32(2) substituted
w/e from 6 April 2006. |

DETERMINATION OF THE APPLICATION BY THE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT
|
|
54.33 |
| (2)
|
The application will be considered by a single judge without a hearing. |
| (3)
|
Unless it orders otherwise, the court will not receive evidence which was not submitted to the Tribunal. |
| (4)
|
| (a)
|
dismiss the application; |
|
| (5)
|
The court will only make an order requiring the Tribunal to reconsider its decision on an appeal if it thinks that ---
| (b)
|
there is a real possibility that the Tribunal would make a different decision on reconsidering the appeal (which may include making a different direction under section 87 of the 2002 Act). |
|
| (6)
|
Where the Court of Appeal has restored the application to the court under section 103C(2)(g) of the 2002 Act, the court may not refer the appeal to the Court of Appeal. |
| (7)
|
The court's decision shall be final and there shall be no appeal from that decision or renewal of the application. |
|

SERVICE OF ORDER
|
|
54.34 |
| (1)
|
The court will send copies of its order to ---
| (a)
|
the applicant and the other party to the appeal, except where paragraph (2) applies; and |
|
| (3)
|
Where the court sends an order to the Secretary of State under paragraph (2), the Secretary of State must --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |