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This Practice Direction is referred to in: Part 07 (7.4), (7.4), PDP 04 (3.2), (3.2), PDP 20 (7.1), PDP 32 (17.1), (26.3), Chancery Guide - Chap 13 (kr1), QB Guide - Chapter 4 (4.1), (4.2), Comm Ct Guide - Pt B (B3.7), (B4.2), (B6.5), Comm Ct Guide - Pt C (C1.7), Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2008 (15), (4), (4), Canada Trust Co v Stolzenberg [67], Ewing v Office of the Deputy Prime Minister [34], Hannigan v Hannigan [32], Scribes West Ltd v Relsa Anstalt (No 2) [32], St Helen's Metropolitan BC v Barnes [1].
Text substituted in footnote to ‘claim form’ and footnote to ‘jurisdiction’ w/e from 1 October 2008.

See also Part 7, Practice Direction 7B, Practice Direction 7C, Practice Direction 7D, Practice Direction 7E

PRACTICE DIRECTION – HOW TO START PROCEEDINGS – THE CLAIM FORM

This Practice Direction supplements CPR Part 7

Contents of this Practice Direction
Title
General
Where to start proceedings
The claim form
Title of proceedings
Start of proceedings
Claims by and against partnerships within the jurisdiction
Partnership membership statements
Persons carrying on business in another name
Particulars of claim
Statement of Truth
Extension of time
General
1   

Subject to the following provisions of this practice direction, proceedings which both the High Court and the county courts have jurisdiction to deal with may be started in the High Court or in a county court.

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Where to start proceedings
2.1   

Proceedings (whether for damages or for a specified sum) may not be started in the High Court unless the value of the claim is more than £25,000.

This Paragraph is referred to in: Chancery Guide - Chap 13 (kr1).
Text substituted in paragraph 2.1 w/e from 6 April 2009.
2.2   

Proceedings which include a claim for damages in respect of personal injuries must not be started in the High Court unless the value of the claim is £50,000 or more (paragraph 9 of the High Court and County Courts Jurisdiction Order 1991 (S.I. 1991/724 as amended) describes how the value of a claim is to be determined).
2.3   

A claim must be issued in the High Court or a county court if an enactment so requires.

2.4   

Subject to paragraphs 2.1 and 2.2 above, a claim should be started in the High Court if by reason of:
(1)     the financial value of the claim and the amount in dispute, and/or
(2)     the complexity of the facts, legal issues, remedies or procedures involved, and/or
(3)     the importance of the outcome of the claim to the public in general,

the claimant believes that the claim ought to be dealt with by a High Court judge.

(CPR Part 30 and the practice directionpdp-30supplementing Part 30 contain provisions relating to the transfer to the county court of proceedings started in the High Court and vice-versa.)

2.5   

A claim relating to Chancery business (which includes any of the matters specified in paragraph 1 of Schedule 1 to the Senior Courts Act 1981) may, subject to any enactment, rule or practice direction, be dealt with in the High Court or in a county court. The claim form should, if issued in the High Court, be marked in the top right hand corner ‘Chancery Division’ and, if issued in the county court, be marked ‘Chancery Business’.

(For the equity jurisdiction of county courts, see section 23 of the County Courts Act 1984Acts.)

2.6   

A claim relating to any of the matters specified in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 2 of Schedule 1 to the Senior Courts Act 1981 must be dealt with in the High Court and will be assigned to the Queen’s Bench Division.

2.7   

Practice directions applying to particular types of proceedings, or to proceedings in particular courts, will contain provisions relating to the commencement and conduct of those proceedings.

Paragraph 2.7 amended w/e from 2 December 2002.

2.8   

A claim in the High Court for which a jury trial is directed will, if not already being dealt with in the Queen’s Bench Division, be transferred to that Division.
2.9   

The following proceedings may not be started in a county court unless the parties have agreed otherwise in writing:
(1)     a claim for damages or other remedy for libel or slander, and
(2)     a claim in which the title to any toll, fair, market or franchise is in question.

2.10   
(1)     The normal rules apply in deciding in which court and specialist list a claim that includes issues under the Human Rights Act 1998 should be started. They also apply in deciding which procedure to use to start the claim; this Part or CPR Part 8 or CPR Part 54 (judicial review).
(2)     The exception is a claim for damages in respect of a judicial act, which should be commenced in the High Court. If the claim is made in a notice of appeal then it will be dealt with according to the normal rules governing where that appeal is heard.

(A county court cannot make a declaration of incompatibility in accordance with section 4 of the Human Rights Act 1998. Legislation may direct that such a claim is to be brought before a specified tribunal)

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The claim form
3.1   

A claimant must use practice form N1 or practice form N208 (the Part 8 claim form) to start a claim (but see paragraphs 3.2 and 3.4 below).

3.2   

Rule 7.9 deals with fixed date claims and rule 7.10 deals with the Production Centre for the issue of claims; there are separate practice directions supplementing rules 7.9 and 7.10.

3.3   

If a claimant wishes the claim to proceed under Part 8, or if the claim is required to proceed under Part 8, the claim form should so state. Otherwise the claim will proceed under Part 7. But note that in respect of claims in specialist proceedings (listed in CPR Part 49) and claims brought under the RSC or CCR set out in the Schedule to the CPR (see CPR Part 50) the CPR will apply only to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the rules and practice directions that expressly apply to those claims.

This Paragraph is referred to in: Comm Ct Guide - Pt B (B4.2).
Text substituted in paragraph 3.3 w/e from 6 April 2009.
3.4   

Other practice directions may require special practice forms to be used to commence particular types of proceedings, or proceedings in particular courts.
Paragraph 3.4 amended w/e from 2 December 2002.

3.5   

Where a claim form to be served out of the jurisdiction is one which the court has power to deal with –
(a)     under the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982; and
(b)     the Judgments Regulation (which has the same meaning as in rule 6.31(d)),

the claim form must, pursuant to rule 6.34, be filed and served with the notice referred to in that rule and paragraph 2.1 of Practice Directionpdp-06B supplementing Part 6.
This Paragraph is referred to in: Canada Trust Co v Stolzenberg [67].

Text substituted in paragraph 3.5 w/e from 1 October 2008.
3.6   

If a claim for damages or for an unspecified sum is started in the High Court, the claim form must:
(1)     state that the claimant expects to recover more than £25,000 (or £50,000 or more if the claim is for personal injuries) or
(2)     state that some enactment provides that the claim may only be commenced in the High Court and specify that enactment or
(3)     state that the claim is to be in one of the specialist High Court lists (see CPR Parts 49 and 58–62) and specify that list.
This Paragraph is referred to in: Comm Ct Guide - Pt B (B3.2).

Paragraph 3.6 (3) amended w/e from 2 December 2002,
Text substituted in paragraph 3.6(1) w/e from 6 April 2009.
3.7   

If the contents of a claim form commencing specialist proceedings comply with the requirements of the specialist list in question the claim form will also satisfy paragraph 3.6 above.
Text substituted in paragraph 3.7 w/e from 6 April 2009.
3.8   

If a claim for damages for personal injuries is started in the county court, the claim form must state whether or not the claimant expects to recover more than £1000 in respect of pain, suffering and loss of amenity.
3.9   

If a claim for housing disrepair which includes a claim for an order requiring repairs or other work to be carried out by the landlord is started in the county court, the claim form must state:
(1)     whether or not the cost of the repairs or other work is estimated to be more than £1000, and
(2)     whether or not the claimant expects to recover more than £1000 in respect of any claim for damages1.

If either of the amounts mentioned in (1) and (2) is more than £1000, the small claims track will not be the normal track for that claim.

(Section 19 of the Costs Practice Directionpdp-43 supplementing Parts 43 to 48 contains details of the information required to be filed with a claim form to comply with rule 44.15 (providing information about funding arrangements))

Text substituted in parenthesis below paragraph 3.9 w/e from 6 April 2009.
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Title of proceedings
4.1   

The claim form and every other statement of case, must be headed with the title of the proceedings. The title should state:
(1)     the number of proceedings,
(2)     the court or Division in which they are proceeding,
(3)     the full name of each party,
(4)     each party’s status in the proceedings (i.e. claimant/defendant).

(Paragraph 2.6 of the Practice Directionpdp-16to Part 16 sets out what is meant by a full name in respect of each type of claimant.)

This Paragraph is referred to in: PDP 20 (7.1), PDP 32 (17.1).
New cross-reference to PD16 after Para 4.1 of PD7 added w/e from 6 April 2006.,
Text substituted in paragraph 4.1(4) w/e from 6 April 2009.
4.2   

Where there is more than one claimant and/or more than one defendant, the parties should be described in the title as follows:

  1. AB
  2. CD
  3. EF          Claimants

              and

    1. GH
    2. IJ
    3. KL          Defendants
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Start of proceedings
5.1   

Proceedings are started when the court issues a claim form at the request of the claimant (see rule 7.2) but where the claim form as issued was received in the court office on a date earlier than the date on which it was issued by the court, the claim is ‘brought’ for the purposes of the Limitation Act 1980Acts and any other relevant statute on that earlier date.

This Paragraph is referred to in: St Helen's Metropolitan BC v Barnes [1].
5.2   

The date on which the claim form was received by the court will be recorded by a date stamp either on the claim form held on the court file or on the letter that accompanied the claim form when it was received by the court.
5.3   

An enquiry as to the date on which the claim form was received by the court should be directed to a court officer.

5.4   

Parties proposing to start a claim which is approaching the expiry of the limitation period should recognise the potential importance of establishing the date the claim form was received by the court and should themselves make arrangements to record the date.

5.5   

Where it is sought to start proceedings against the estate of a deceased defendant where probate or letters of administration have not been granted, the claimant should issue the claim against ‘the personal representatives of A.B. deceased’. The claimant should then, before the expiry of the period for service of the claim form, apply to the court for the appointment of a person to represent the estate of the deceased.

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Claims by and against partnerships within the jurisdiction
5A.1   

Paragraphs 5A and 5B apply to claims that are brought by or against two or more persons who –
(1)     were partners; and
(2)     carried on that partnership business within the jurisdiction, at the time when the cause of action accrued.

5A.2   

For the purposes of this paragraph, ‘partners’ includes persons claiming to be entitled as partners and persons alleged to be partners.

5A.3   

Where that partnership has a name, unless it is inappropriate to do so, claims must be brought in or against the name under which that partnership carried on business at the time the cause of action accrued.

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Partnership membership statements
5B.1   

In this paragraph a ‘partnership membership statement’ is a written statement of the names and last known places of residence of all the persons who were partners in the partnership at the time when the cause of action accrued, being the date specified for this purpose in accordance with paragraph 5B.3.

5B.2   

If the partners are requested to provide a copy of a partnership membership statement by any party to a claim, the partners must do so within 14 days of receipt of the request.

5B.3   

In that request the party seeking a copy of a partnership membership statement must specify the date when the relevant cause of action accrued.

(Signing of the acknowledgment of service in the case of a partnership is dealt with in paragraph 4.4 of the Practice Directionpdp-10supplementing Part 10)

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Persons carrying on business in another name
5C.1   

This paragraph applies where –
(1)     a claim is brought against an individual;
(2)     that individual carries on a business within the jurisdiction (even if not personally within the jurisdiction); and
(3)     that business is carried on in a name other than that individual’s own name (‘the business name’).

5C.2   

The claim may be brought against the business name as if it were the name of a partnership.

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Particulars of claim
6.1   

Where the claimant does not include the particulars of claim in the claim form, they may be served separately:
(1)     either at the same time as the claim form, or
(2)     within 14 days after service of the claim form provided that the service of the particulars of claim is within 4 months after the date of issue of the claim form2 (or 6 months where the claim form is to be served out of the jurisdiction3).

Text substituted in footnote to paragraph 6.1(2) w/e from 1 October 2008,
Text substituted in paragraph 6.1 w/e from 6 April 2009.
6.2   

If the particulars of claim are not included in or have not been served with the claim form, the claim form must contain a statement that particulars of claim will follow4.

(These paragraphs do not apply where the Part 8 procedure is being used. For information on matters to be included in the claim form or the particulars of claim, see Part 16 (statements of case) and the practice direction which supplements it.)

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Statement of Truth
7.1   

Part 22 requires the claim form and, where they are not included in the claim form, the particulars of claim, to be verified by a statement of truth.

7.2   

The form of the statement of truth is as follows:

‘[I believe][the claimant believes] that the facts stated in [this claim form] [these particulars of claim] are true.’

This Paragraph is referred to in: Comm Ct Guide - Pt B (B3.7), Comm Ct Guide - Pt C (C1.7).
7.3   

Attention is drawn to rule 32.14 which sets out the consequences of verifying a statement of case containing a false statement without an honest belief in its truth.

Text omitted in parenthesis below paragraph 7.3 w/e from 6 April 2009.
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Extension of time
8.1   

An application under rule 7.6 (for an extension of time for serving a claim form under rule 7.6(1)) must be made in accordance with Part 23 and supported by evidence.

8.2   

The evidence should state:
(1)     all the circumstances relied on,
(2)     the date of issue of the claim,
(3)     the expiry date of any rule 7.6 extension, and
(4)     a full explanation as to why the claim has not been served.

(For information regarding (1) written evidence see Part 32 and the practice direction which supplements it and (2) service of the claim form see Part 6 and the practice direction which supplements it.)

This Paragraph is referred to in: Comm Ct Guide - Pt B (B6.5).
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Footnotes

1. See rules 16.3(4) and 26.6.Return to footnote 1
2. See rules 7.4(2) and 7.5(1).Return to footnote 2
3. See rule 7.5(2).Return to footnote 3
4. See rule 16.2(2).Return to footnote 4
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